- Elton, Hugh and Christos Nüssli, "Imperial Battle Map Index". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.
- Edward Luttwak (1979), Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, Thames & Hudson Prominent advocate of the mobile or central reserve theory.
- Adrian Goldsworthy (2003), The Complete Roman Army, Thames & Hudson One volume history covering the Roman Army, which was the biggest most important part of its military. Goldsworthy covers the early Republican days down to the final Imperial era demise, tracing changes in tactics, equipment, strategy, organization etc. He notes the details of the military system such as training and battlefield tactics, as well as bigger picture strategy, and changes that impacted Roman arms. He assesses what made the Romans effective, and ineffective in each of the various eras.
- Xenophon (1988), Anabasis, Loeb Classical Library
- Michael Grant, The History of Rome, p. 52
- Julius Caesar, "Commentarii de Bello Gallico"
- Shahbazi, "Parthian Army", (2014)
- Coulston J, 'Roman Archery Equipment', in M.C. Bishop (ed.), The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment. Proceedings of the Second Roman Military Equipment Seminar, BAR International Series 275, Oxford, 1985, 220-366.
- Tacitus, "Histories"
- From the Rise of the Republic and the Might of the Empire to the Fall of the West, by Nigel Rodgers
- Gilliver, C.M. (1999). The Roman Art of War. Charleston, SC: Tempus
- Keppie, Lawrence (1984). The Making of the Roman Army from Empire to Republic. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books
- Peter Connolly, Greece and Rome at War (Greenhill Books, London, 1998)
Images from:
http://www.clash-of-steel.com/gallery/sub_index.php?index=classical - Reenacted 1st Century soldier
http://www.roman-empire.net/army/cavalryman.html - Reenacted 1st Century Cavalry
http://www.memo.fr/en/article.aspx?ID=ANT_ROM_024 - Miniature Fortified Camp
http://www.iranchamber.com/history/parthians/parthian_army.php - Parthian Soldiers
http://www.wildfiregames.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=17661 -Germanic Soldiers
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/WarTech.htm - Greek Soldiers
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Qs8edOHRHK8/T1njNv57g5I/AAAAAAAAA0g/qOUGCXACIHM/s1600/huns.jpg- Central Asiatic Nomad Soldiers
http://www.demotix.com/news/1171895/people-dress-soldiers-ancient-rome-anniversary-rome#media-1171828 - Legionary Standard
http://www.padfield.com/bible-times/roman-army/ - Circle Formation reenactment
http://www.roman-empire.net/index.html - Roman foot soldier, Roman soldier's marching
http://www.glogster.com/tfox0819/the-battle-of-alesia/g-6me06tbk8tcb2f9olr0oda0 - Picture of Roman Fortifications at Alesia
http://defence.pk/threads/top-12-cavalry-of-all-time-no-order.222689/ - Cavalry Wedge
http://forums.civfanatics.com/showthread.php?t=87324&page=9 - Gothic Cavalry
http://dorsaf-nagues.blogspot.com/ - Elephant in battle
http://lifeofcaesar.com/life-of-caesar-episode-2-caesars-early-years/ - Picture of Marius
Many images came from the Game Rome 2 Total War, made by Creative Assemblies and are owned by Sega